@Article{GamaMuraParaOliv:2020:DePrBr,
               author = "Gama, F{\'a}bio Furlan and Mura, Jos{\'e} Cl{\'a}udio and 
                         Paradella, Waldir Renato and Oliveira, Cleber G. de",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {VISIONA Tecnologia Espacial}",
                title = "Deformations prior to the Brumadinho dam collapse revealed by 
                         Sentinel-1 insar data using SBAS and PSI techniques",
              journal = "Remote Sensing",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "12",
               number = "21",
                pages = "e3664",
                month = "Nov.",
             keywords = "Brumadinho, tailings dam, SBAS, PSI, Sentinel-1B.",
             abstract = "Differential Interferometric SAR (DInSAR) has been used to monitor 
                         surface deformations in open pit mines and tailings dams. In this 
                         paper, ground deformations have been detected on the area of 
                         tailings Dam-I at the C{\'o}rrego do Feij{\~a}o Mine 
                         (Brumadinho, Brazil) before its catastrophic failure occurred on 
                         25 January 2019. Two techniques optimized for different scattering 
                         models, SBAS (Small BAseline Subset) and PSI (Persistent Scatterer 
                         Interferometry), were used to perform the analysis based on 26 
                         Sentinel-1B images in Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) mode, which 
                         were acquired on descending orbits from 03 March 2018 to 22 
                         January 2019. A WorldDEM Digital Surface Model (DSM) product was 
                         used to remove the topographic phase component. The results 
                         provided by both techniques showed a synoptic and informative view 
                         of the deformation process affecting the study area, with the 
                         detection of persistent trends of deformation on the crest, 
                         middle, and bottom sectors of the dam face until its collapse, as 
                         well as the settlements on the tailings. It is worth noting the 
                         detection of an acceleration in the displacement time-series for a 
                         short period near the failure. The maximum accumulated 
                         displacements detected along the downstream slope face were 
                         \−39 mm (SBAS) and \−48 mm (PSI). It is reasonable 
                         to consider that Sentinel-1 would provide decision makers with 
                         complementary motion information to the in situ monitoring system 
                         for risk assessment and for a better understanding of the ongoing 
                         instability phenomena affecting the tailings dam.",
                  doi = "10.3390/rs12213664",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213664",
                 issn = "2072-4292",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "remotesensing-12-03664.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}